Current and Future Online and Blended Learning Provisions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14297/jpaap.v9i2.480Keywords:
Online provisions, online learning, blended learning, definition and modelsAbstract
This paper explores existing definitions and models of online and blended learning within the academic literature to ascertain the key elements (and different modes) of online learning and teaching provisions. These are compared with current online learning provisions within one higher education institution (HEIs) in the UK, to identify potential areas of gaps within GCU online provisions. Empirical data was collected from 42 participants including senior managers, learning technologists, and programme and module leaders and students, from across three different programmes in the University. The study sets out key characteristics and different modes of online L&T and recommendations for developing future online learning environments.
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Ally, M. (2004) Foundation of educational theory for online learning. In Terry (ed) The Theory and Practice of online learning. 3-31 Athabasca, AB: Athabasca University.
Benson, A, (2002) Using online learning to meet workforce demand: A case study of stakeholder influence. Quarterly Review of Distance Learning 3.4.443-452.
Bower, M., Dalgarno, B., Kennedy, G.E., Lee, M.J. and Kenney, J., 2015. Design and implementation factors in blended synchronous learning environments: Outcomes from a cross-case analysis. Computers & Education, 86, 1-17.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3, 77–101. doi:10.1191/ 1478088706qp063oa.
Brown, M (2020): Education in the Time of the Virus, or, Flying the Plane While Building It; Transforming Higher Education; available at: https://er.educause.edu/blogs/2020/4/education-in-the-time-of-the-virus-or-flying-the-plane-while-building-it
Carliner S. (2004) An overview of online learning 2nd Ed Armherst, MA Human Resource Development Press.
Conrad, D. (2002) Deep in the heart of learners: Insights into the nature of online community. Journal of Distance Learning 17 1 1-19.
Cronje, J.C. (2020) Towards a new definition of Blended Learning. Electronic Journal of E-Learning 18 2 114-121
Dabbagh, N. (2004) Distance Learning, Emerging Pedagogical Issues and Learning Designs. Quarterly Review of Distance Education Spring 5 1 37-39.
Garrison, D.R., 2016. E-learning in the 21st century: A community of inquiry framework for research and practice. Routledge.
Garrison, D.R. and Kanuka, H., 2004. Blended learning: Uncovering its transformative potential in higher education. The internet and higher education, 7(2), 95-105.
Graham, C.R., 2006. Blended learning systems. The handbook of blended learning: Global perspectives, local designs, 3-21. Khan B. Blended learning octagonal Framework-Khan.
Graham, C.R; Woodfield, W.& Harrison,J.B. (2013) A framework for institutional adoption and implementation of blended learning in higher education. The Internet and Higher Education 18, 4-14.
Hrastinski, S., Stenbom, S., Benjaminsson, S. and Jansson, M., 2019. Identifying and exploring the effects of different types of tutor questions in individual online synchronous tutoring in mathematics. Interactive Learning Environments, 1-13.
Jones, N. and Lau, A.M.S., 2010. Blending learning: widening participation in higher education. Innovations in education and teaching international, 47 4 405-416.
Judd, J., B. A. Rember, T. Pellegrini, B. Ludlow, and J. Meisner (2020). “This is Not Teaching”: The Effects of COVID-19 on Teachers. Accessed 25 July 2020. https://www.socialpublishersfoundation.org/ knowledge_base/this-is-not-teaching-the-effects-of-covid-19-on-teachers/
Khan, B., 2005. Pedagogical issues. In Managing E-Learning Strategies: Design, Delivery, Implementation and Evaluation 181-292. IGI Global.
Lorelli S. Nowell , Jill M. Norris , Deborah E. White , and Nancy J. Moules (2017) Thematic Analysis: Striving to Meet the Trustworthiness Criteria International Journal of Qualitative Methods Volume 16: 1–13.
Mihhailova, G., 2006. E‐learning as internationalization strategy in higher education. Baltic journal of management.
Moore, J. L.; Dickson-Deane, C. & Galyen, K. (2011) e-Learning, online learning, and distance learning environments: Are they the same? Internet and Higher Education 14 129-135
Oblinger, D. G. & Oblinger, J. L . (2005) Educating the Net generation. EDUCAUSE
Schlosser, L.A. & Simonson, M. (2003) Distance Education: towards a definitions and glossary of terms; sponsored by the Definitions and Terminology Committee, Association for Educational Communications and Technology.
Schweizer, K., Paechter, M. and Weidenmann, B., 2003. Blended learning as a strategy to improve collaborative task performance. Journal of Educational Media, 28 2-3, pp.211-224.
Sharma P (2010); Blended Learning; ELT Journal, Volume 64, Issue 4, October 2010, Pages 456–458; Available at: https://academic.oup.com/eltj/article/64/4/456/390082.
Singh, V. & Thurman, A. (2019) How many ways can we define online learning? A systematic literature review of definitions of online learning (1988-2018). American Journal of Distance Learning 33 4 289-306.
Staker, H., & Horn, M. B. (2012). Classifying K–12 blended learning. Innosight Institute. Available at: http://www.christenseninstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Classifying-K-12-blended-learning.pdf
Techtarget (2020); Distance Learning (e-learning); Available at: https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/distance-learning-e-learning; accessed on 25th Sept 2020.
Twigg, C. (2003) Models of online learning. http://blendedtoolkit.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/twigg.pdf accessed 23rd January 2020.
Valiathan, P., 2002. Blended learning models. Learning circuits, 3 8, 50-59.
Zhang, W., Y. Wang, L. Yang, and C. H. Wang. 2020. “Suspending Classes without Stopping Learning: China’s Education Emergency Management Policy in the COVID-19 Outbreak.” Journal of Risk and Financial Management 13 (58): 1–6. doi:10.3390/jrfm13030055.
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2021-08-05
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