Early adoption in an agile online teaching environment
An intrapreneurial perspective
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14297/jpaap.v9i2.476Keywords:
Online learning, intrapreneurship, early adopters, community, innovationAbstract
The Covid-19 pandemic has blown through the Higher Education sector like a Schumpterian ‘gale of creative destruction’ (Schumpeter, 1934), accelerating the pace of change, disrupting entrenched pedagogical approaches, and revealing glimpses of the future of teaching. This study identifies how university-based early adopters responded to this ‘gale,’ successfully implementing the rapid change required to pivot to online teaching while addressing institutional requests to support the reluctant majority. Adopting an innovative interdisciplinary framework, this study advances understanding about the criticality of early-adopter behaviour in implementing change. The triggers, dynamics and impact of early-adopter behaviours are identified, as are the resultant implications for institutions for resourcing, recognising, and rewarding early adopters. The research design is underpinned by polyphony (Belova, 2010). Theoretical aspects from entrepreneurship (Stevenson, Roberts & Grousebeck, 1989) and networked learning (Dohn, Cranmer, Sime, De Laat & Ryberg, 2018) are also incorporated, relating early adopter behaviour to the entrepreneurial process in the context of virtual learning communities. This study uses vignettes from early adopters who have pivoted to online teaching in a university, identifying their experiences of instigating and supporting change. The findings highlight the facilitators of, and constraints on, early adopter behaviour, identifying the contextual characteristics necessary to challenge preconceived institutional notions and develop intrapreneurial mindsets that more readily support and implement early-adopter behaviours.
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Latour, B. (2005). Reassembling the social. An introduction to actor-network-theory. Oxford University Press https://doi.org/10.1108/eoi.2008.27.3.307.2
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Neessen, P., Caniëls, M., Bart, V. & de Jong, J. (2019). The intrapreneurial employee: toward an integrated model of intrapreneurship and research agenda. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal. 15: 545–571. https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2017.10355abstract
Nordmann E, Horlin C, Hutchison J, Murray J-A, Robson L, Seery M K., & Mackay, J. R.D. (2020) Ten simple rules for supporting a temporary online pivot in higher education. PLoS Comput Biol 16(10): e1008242. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008242
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Tourish D. (2011). Leading questions: Journal rankings, academic freedom and performativity: What is, or should be, the future of Leadership? Leadership. 7(3):367-381. https://doi:10.1177/1742715011407385
Tourish, D. (2014). Leadership, more or less? A processual, communication perspective on the role of agency in leadership theory. Leadership, 10(1), pp.79–98. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1742715013509030.
Tourish, D. (2020). The triumph of nonsense in management studies. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 19(1), 99-109. https://doi.org/10.5465/amle.2019.0255
Adekola, J., V. H. M. Dale & K. Gardiner (2017). "Development of an institutional framework to guide transitions into enhanced blended learning in higher education." Research in Learning Technology, 25, pp.1-16. https://doi.org/10.14297/jpaap.v5i2.273
Alexander, B.; Ashford-Rowe, K.; Barajas-Murphy, N.; Dobbin, G.; Knott, J.; McCormack, M.; Pomerantz, J.; Seilhamer, R. & Weber, N., ed. (2019), EDUCAUSE Horizon Report: 2019 Higher Education Edition, EDUCAUSE, 282 Century Place, Suite 5000 Louisville, CO 80027 https://library.educause.edu/-/media/files/library/2019/4/2019horizonreport.pdf?la=en&hash=C8E8D444AF372E705FA1BF9D4FF0DD4CC6F0FDD1
Allen, M. (Ed.). (2017). The SAGE encyclopedia of communication research methods. Sage Publications.
https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781483381411.n368
Badoiu, G. A., Segarra-Ciprés, M., & Escrig-Tena, A. B. (2020). Understanding employees’ intrapreneurial behavior: a case study. Personnel Review. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-04-2019-0201
Belova, O. (2010). Polyphony and the sense of self in flexible organizations. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 26(1), 67-76.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scaman.2009.11.009
Bernabeo, E. C., Holmboe, E. S., Ross, K., Chesluk, B., & Ginsburg, S. (2013). The utility of vignettes to stimulate reflection on professionalism: theory and practice. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 18(3), 463-484. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10459-012-9384-x
Biggs, J. & Tang, C. 2007. Teaching for Quality Learning at University. Berkshire, Open University Press https://doi.org/10.1111/teth.12173
Boettcher, J. V., & Conrad, R. M. (2016). The online teaching survival guide: Simple and practical pedagogical tips., 2nd edition John Wiley & Sons. Google Scholar. ISBN: 978-1-119-14768-8
Boon, J., Van der Klink, M., & Janssen, J. (2013). Fostering intrapreneurial competencies of employees in the education sector. International Journal of Training and Development, 17(3), 210-220.https://doi.org/10.1111/ijtd.12010
Bovill, C., Morss, K., & Bulley, C. (2009). Should students participate in curriculum design? Discussion arising from a first year curriculum design project and a literature review. Pedagogical Research in Maximising Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2010.515024
Braun, V. & Clarke, V., 2006. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in psychology, 3(2), pp.77-101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Craig, R, Amernic, J & Tourish, D. (2014). Perverse audit culture and accountability of the modern public university: audit culture and accountability of the public university', Financial Accounting and Management, 30(1), 1-24. doi.org/10.1111/faam.2014.30.issue-1
Dohn, N. B., Cranmer, S., Sime, J.A., De Laat, M. & Ryberg, T. (Eds.) (2018). Networked Learning: Reflections and Challenges. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74857-3_11
Garrison, D. R., Anderson, T., & Archer, W. (2010). The first decade of the community of inquiry framework: A retrospective. The internet and higher education, 13(1-2), 5-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2009.10.003
Garrison, D. R., Anderson, T. & Archer, W. (2001). Critical thinking, cognitive presence, and computer conferencing in distance education. American Journal of Distance Education, 15(1), pp.7-23. https://doi.org/10.1080/08923640109527071
Hamilton, E. C. & Friesen, N. (2013). Online Education: A Science and Technology Studies Perspective. Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology, 39(2). https://doi.org/10.21432/t2001c
Heracleous, L., Wawarta, C., Gonzalez, & Paroutis, S. (2019). How a Group of NASA Renegades Transformed Mission Control. MIT Sloan Management Review, April. Accessed 24 March 2020 https://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/how-a-group-of-nasa-renegades-transformed-mission-control/
Hixon, E., Buckenmeyer, J., Barczyk, C., Feldman, L., & Zamojski, H. (2012). Beyond the early adopters of online instruction: Motivating the reluctant majority. The Internet and Higher Education, 15(2), 102-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2011.11.005
Katz, R. (1993). How a Band of Technical Renegades Designed the Alpha Chip, Research-Technology Management, 36(6), 13-20, DOI: 10.1080/08956308.1993.11670936
Katz, S., & Earl, L. (2010). Learning about networked learning communities. School effectiveness and school improvement, 21(1), 27-51. https://doi.org/10.1080/09243450903569718
Kauffman, H., 2015. A review of predictive factors of student success in and satisfaction with online learning. Research in Learning Technology, 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v23.26507
Latour, B. (2005). Reassembling the social. An introduction to actor-network-theory. Oxford University Press https://doi.org/10.1108/eoi.2008.27.3.307.2
Lawrence, T., Suddaby, R., & Leca, B. (2011). Institutional work: Refocusing institutional studies of organization. Journal of management inquiry, 20(1), 52-58. https://doi.org/10.1177/1056492610387222
Li, L. C., Grimshaw, J. M., Nielsen, C., Judd, M., Coyte, P. C., & Graham, I. D. (2009). Evolution of Wenger's concept of community of practice. Implementation science, 4(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-5908-4-11
Lierse, S. (2016). Outstanding University Lecturers: Ambitious Altruists or Mavericks of the Academy? Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 41. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2016v41n12.1
Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1986). But is it rigorous? Trustworthiness and authenticity in naturalistic evaluation. New directions for program evaluation, 1986(30), 73-84. https://doi.org/10.1002/ev.1427
McCarthy, D. & Dragouni, M. (2020) Managerialism in UK business schools: capturing the interactions between academic job characteristics, behaviour and the ‘metrics’ culture, Studies in Higher Education. AHEAD-OF-PRINT,1-17 https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2020.1723524
Neessen, P., Caniëls, M., Bart, V. & de Jong, J. (2019). The intrapreneurial employee: toward an integrated model of intrapreneurship and research agenda. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal. 15: 545–571. https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2017.10355abstract
Nordmann E, Horlin C, Hutchison J, Murray J-A, Robson L, Seery M K., & Mackay, J. R.D. (2020) Ten simple rules for supporting a temporary online pivot in higher education. PLoS Comput Biol 16(10): e1008242. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008242
Ries, E. (2011). The lean Startup: How Today's Entrepreneurs Use Continuous Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses. New York: Crown Business https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5885.2012.00920_2.x
Rogers, E.M. (2003). Diffusion of Innovations. 5th Edition New York: Free Press, A Division of Simon & Schuster, Inc., http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2573300
Schumpeter, J. (1934). Capitalism, socialism, and democracy. Harper & Row. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203202050
Shankar, R. K., & Clausen, T. H. (2020). Scale quickly or fail fast: An inductive study of acceleration. Technovation, 98, 102-174 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2020.102174
Stevenson, H. H., & D. Gumpert (1985). “The Heart of Entrepreneurship”. Harvard Business Review 63(2), 85 – 94. https://hbr.org/1985/03/the-heart-of-entrepreneurship
Stevenson, H. H., Roberts, M.J. & Grousbeck, H.I. (1989). New business ventures and the entrepreneur. Richard D. Irwin, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225878501000107
Stevenson, H. H. (2006). "A Perspective on Entrepreneurship." Harvard Business School Background Note 384-131, October 1983. (Revised April 2006.) https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=9950
Torrisi, G. & Davis, G. (2000) Online Learning as a catalyst for reshaping practice – The experiences of some academics developing online learning materials, International Journal for Academic Development, 5(2):166-176. https://doi.org/10.1080/13601440050200770
Tourish D. (2011). Leading questions: Journal rankings, academic freedom and performativity: What is, or should be, the future of Leadership? Leadership. 7(3):367-381. https://doi:10.1177/1742715011407385
Tourish, D. (2014). Leadership, more or less? A processual, communication perspective on the role of agency in leadership theory. Leadership, 10(1), pp.79–98. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1742715013509030.
Tourish, D. (2020). The triumph of nonsense in management studies. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 19(1), 99-109. https://doi.org/10.5465/amle.2019.0255
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