From ‘Good Teaching’ to ‘Better Teaching’: One Academic’s Journey to Online Teaching

Authors

  • Brendan Paul Bentley University of South Australia
  • Benjamin A Kehrwald Charles Sturt University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14297/jpaap.v5i1.230

Keywords:

Higher education, online learning, online course design

Abstract

For many educators, the adoption of learning technologies as part of a ‘technology-enhanced’ approach to learning and teaching implies change. Technology takes on a disruptive role. Therefore, it is important to understand the pedagogical commitments associated with current practices in order to better understand any change implied by the use of particular technology ‘enhancements’. This article reports on a case study of the change experienced by one tertiary educator in the shift from successful on campus to flexible online teaching in an undergraduate Numeracy course. The study addresses the question: How do teaching academics translate a robust, proven on-campus course into a successful, flexibly delivered technology-enhanced course? The case employs an autoethnographic approach to recording and analysing the educator’s experiences to highlight comparisons between on-campus (face-to-face) and online teaching practices. The findings support the conclusion that ‘good teaching is good teaching’, based on sound pedagogical principles, regardless of the mode of delivery, but that the enactment of those principles in face-to-face and online learning environments differs in significant ways.

Author Biographies

  • Brendan Paul Bentley, University of South Australia

    Brendan Bentley specializes in teaching Science and Mathematics Education at the University of South Australia. He has been a school leader and educator in excess of 30-years. His general interests are in cognition, cognitive load theory and learning. He has published in the area of civics and values education, and is an active researcher in the curriculum disciplines of science and mathematics education in particular proportional reasoning.

  • Benjamin A Kehrwald, Charles Sturt University

    Benjamin Kehrwald is a specialist in online learning with more than twenty years’ experience with education technology. His work centres on technology-mediated social processes as part of social learning in networked environments. He teaches, researches, designs and develops online and blended courses in Australia.

References

Biocca, F., Harms, C., & Burgoon, J. (2003). Toward a more robust theory and measure of social presence: Review and suggested criteria. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 12(5), 456-480.

doi: https://doi.org/10.1162/105474603322761270

Burgoon, J. K. (2000). Testing the Interactivity Model: Communication Processes, Partner Assessments, and the Quality of Collaborative Work. 16(3), 33.

Burgoon, J. K., & La Poire, B. (1999). Nonverbal cues and interpersonal judgements: Participant and observer perceptions of intimacy, dominance, composure and formality. Communication Mongraphs, 66, 105-124.

doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/03637759909376467

Carswell, L., Thomas, P., Petre, M., Price, B., & Richards, M. (2000). Distance education via the Internet: The student experience. British Journal of Educational Technology, 31(1), 29.

doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8535.00133

Clandinin, D. J., & Connelly, F. M. (2000). Narrative inquiry: Experience and story in qualitative research. San Francisco, Calif.: Jossey-Bass.

Coomey, M., & Stephenson, J. (2001). Online learning: It is all about dialogue, involvement, support and control – according to the research. In J. Stephenson (Ed.), Teaching and learning online: Pedagogies for new technologies (pp. 37-52). London: Kogan Page.

De Freitas, E. (2008). Troubling Teacher Identity: Preparing Mathematics Teachers to Teach for Diversity. 19(1), 43-55.

doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10476210701860024

de Laat, M. D., Lally, V., Lipponen, L., & Simons, R.-J. (2007). Online teaching in networked learning communities: A multi-method approach to studying the role of the teacher. [journal article]. Instructional Science, 35(3), 257-286.

doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11251-006-9007-0

Dick, W., Carey, L., & Carey, J. O. (2001). The systematic design of instruction (fifth ed.). New York: Addison Wesley Longman.

Ellis, C., & Bochner, A. (2000). Autoethnography, personal narrative, reflexivity. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (Second ed., pp. 733-768). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.

Ertmer, P. A., Ottenbreit-Leftwich, A., Sadik, O., Sendurur, E., & Sendurur, P. (2012). Teacher beliefs and technology integration practices: A critical relationship. Computers and Education(59), 423-435.

doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2012.02.001

Francis, D. (1997). Critical Incident Analysis: A strategy for devoloping reflective practice. Teachers and Teaching: Theory and practice, 3(2), 169-188.

doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/1354060970030201

Gagne, R. M., Briggs, L. J., & Wager, W. W. (1992). Principles of instructional design (fourth ed.). Belmont California USA: Wadsworth.

Gunawardena, C. N., & Zittle, R. (1996). An examination of teaching and learning processes in distance education and implications for designing instruction. In M. F. Beaudoin (Ed.), Distance Education Symposium 3: Instruction (Vol. 12, pp. 51-63). State College, PA: American Center for the Study of Distance Education.

Jonassen, D. H., Peck, K. L., & Wilson, B. G. (1999). Learning with technology: A constructivist perspective. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Kang, H.-S., & Jeon, H.-J. (2016). Alternative curriculum design: Toward a narrative based backward design. Information, 198(4 ), 1163-1168.

Kear, K. (2004). Peer learning using asynchronous discussion systems in distance education. Open Learning, 19(2), 151-164.

doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/0268051042000224752

Keeves, J. P., & Sowden, S. (1997). Analysis of descriptive data. In J. Keeves (Ed.), Educational research methodology and measurement: An international handbook (2nd ed., pp. 296-306). Oxford, UK: Pergamon.

Kehrwald, B. A. (2010). Social presence and online communication: A response to Mersham. Journal of Open, Flexible and Distance Learning, 14(1), 29-46.

Kehrwald, B. A., & McCallum, F. (2015). Degrees of change: Understanding academics experiences with a shift to flexible technology-enhanced learning in initial teacher education. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 40(7).

doi: https://doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2015v40n7.4

Kelly, N., Clarà, M., Kehrwald, B. A., & Danaher, P. A. (2016). Developing Teacher Knowledge and Reflection. In Online Learning Networks for Pre-Service and Early Career Teachers (pp. 31-41): Palgrave Macmillan UK.

Kennedy, J. (2015). Using TPCK as a scaffold to self-assess the novice online teaching experience. Distance Education, 36(1), 148-154.

doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2015.1019964

King, A. (1993). From sage on the stage to guide on the side. College Teaching, 41(1), 30-35.

doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/87567555.1993.9926781

Larreamendy-Jones, J., & Leinhardt, G. (2006). Going the distance with online education. Review of Educational Research, 76(4), 567-605.

doi: https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543076004567

Laurillard, D., Oliver, M., Wasson, B., & Hoppe, U. (2009). Implementing technology enhanced learning. In N. Balacheff, S. Ludvigsen, T. de Jong, A. Lazonder & S. Barnes (Eds.), Technology enhanced learning (pp. 289-306): Springer.

doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9827-7_17

Mersham, G. (2009). Reflections on e-learning from a communication perspective. The Journal of Distance Learning, 13(1), 51-70.

Ragan, L. C. (1998). Good teaching is good teaching: An emerging set of guiding principles and practices for the design and development of distance education. DEOSNEWS, 8(12).

Richardson, L. (1996). A sociology of responsibility. Qualitative Sociology, 19(4), 519-524.

doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02393373

Steeples, C., Jones, C., & Goodyear, P. (2002). Beyond e-learning: A future for networked learning. In C. Steeples & C. Jones (Eds.), Networked learning: Perspectives and issues (pp. 323-342). London: Springer.

doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0181-9_19

Stinson, D. W., Bidwell, C. R., Jett, C. C., Powell, G. C., & Thurman, M. M. (2007 ). Critical mathematics pedagogy: Transforming teachers’ practices. . Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 9th International Conference: Mathematics Education in a Global Community (619–624). Retrieved from http://math.unipa.it/~grim/21_project/21_charlotte_StinsonPaperEdit.pdf

Swan, K. (2002). Building learning communities in online courses: The importance of interaction. Education, Communication and Information, 2(1), 23-49.

doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/1463631022000005016

Swan, K., & Shih, L. F. (2005). On the nature and development of social presence in online course discussions. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 9(3), 115-136.

Thorpe, M. (2002). Rethinking learner support: The challenge of collaborative online learning. Open Learning, 17(2), 105-119.

doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02680510220146887a

Thorpe, M., & Godwin, S. (2006). Interaction and e-learning: The student experience. Studies in Continuing Education, 28(3), 203-221.

doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/01580370600947330

Trigwell, K., Prosser, M., & Waterhouse, F. (1999). Relations between teachers' approaches to teaching and students' approaches to learning.

van Mannen, M. (1997). Researching lived experience (2nd ed.). London, ON: The Althouse Press.

Wiggins, G., & McTighe, J. (2001). What is backward design? On Understanding by Design. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill Prentice Hall.

Downloads

Published

2016-12-20

Issue

Section

Case Studies